The GDM team uses advanced modelling techniques combined with an open communication approach to generate evidence to support global health decisions, communicated through direct stakeholder engagement in working policy groups, funders, and government departments.

What We Do

project methods

We conduct research on and provide reliable and transparent mathematical modelling to support complex questions on malaria dynamics, novel tools, and implementation decisions for interventions to prevent and treat malaria in Africa, and across the globe. By engaging directly with stakeholders including funders, intergovernmental organizations and product developers, our methods and approach combine to increase confidence in health research adoption of mathematical modelling to find the best treatments, both in terms of health and economics, for malaria and other infectious diseases.

Step 1
We use High Performance Computing to run simulations that can model infectious disease at an individual and population level. This is crucial for us to explore a wide range of health, environmental and geographical settings that could affect how someone comes to be in contact with an infectious agent and falls sick, how sick they become, how they recover and might infect others along the way; as well as the impact of interventions and preventative measures. These findings are calibrated with real-life data (e.g. from clinical trials) to produce the most transparent and reliable scenarios for the outcomes to infectious diseases and their interventions.

Step 2
Our modelling evidence is communicated directly to influence policy and investment decisions on malaria eradication and elimination, product development and use.

Step 3
Our findings and high-level engagement with stakeholders means we participate in the subsequent activity cycle of consultation and task setting, incorporating learnings from outcomes from Step 1 and 2. In this way, we refine our research methods, leverage maximum impact in our findings, and sit at the table to develop the next set of questions that are testable and actionable for maximal public and health economic benefit.

Active Projects

openmalaria

OpenMalaria

August 2025 NEWS: OpenMalaria v48.0 has been released!

You can download it here https://github.com/SwissTPH/openmalaria/releases/tag/schema-48.0

Three updates to functionality include

1. Elimination model updates

2. Heterogenous intervention coverage

3. Simplification for XML specification: you now don’t need to specify base model parameters, you can use a simplified XML structure with model name.

Please check out the wiki: https://github.com/SwissTPH/openmalaria/wiki

Core to our modelling work is the development and use of an individual-based model of malaria transmission dynamics known as OpenMalaria . This model is an open-source tool for simulating the dynamics of malaria transmission and epidemiology, and the impact of interventions on health and economic outcomes. The open source code and details of our model OpenMalaria can be found here https://github.com/SwissTPH/openmalaria.

The model can simulate malaria in village- or district-size human populations, and has been used to address questions on disease dynamics and the use of interventions. Developed and maintained in partnership between the Global Disease Modelling team at The Kids Research Institute Australia and the Disease Modelling Unit of Swiss TPH, our OpenMalaria model is used by a wide range of modellers worldwide.

This collaboration with the Gates Foundation supports the improvement and maintenance of OpenMalaria as well as the development of new mathematical malaria models to support decision making.

Past Projects

OpenCOVID

Using model-based evidence to optimise medical intervention profiles and disease management strategies for COVID-19 control

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments imposed varying social-distance measures. From 2021, vaccines were developed to reduce infection incidence and associated disease burden of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID- 19). Guidance was needed to design optimal profiles of medical interventions and deployment schedules of control strategies to suppress transmission and avert mortality, especially in the face of new variants of concern which may evade immunity (from natural infections or vaccines). Our team was a lead for the development of mathematical models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. This work produced estimates of the quantitative impact of interventions from available evidence on disease progression, transmission, host immunity, and health system interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Switzerland.

Here, we developed and operationalized a model-based decision framework to inform the optimal properties of therapeutic and delivery strategies of new tools to achieve prevention and control of COVID-19 at the population and individual level. Specifically, our team developed a new individual-based mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, OpenCOVID, to assess the impact of a range of prevention measures, vaccines, and medical interventions to improve the response and minimise cases, hospitalisations, and deaths in Switzerland and abroad. Our model OpenCOVID was applied to support Swiss decision-making on vaccine rollouts and measures, as well as to predict the public health impact of new emerging SARS-Cov-2 variants of concern.

Specifically, we:

1. quantitatively investigated and optimized diagnostics and testing/response strategies as well as new treatments including small molecule therapeutics, biologics, vaccines, and immune-enhancement technologies; and

2. estimated and compared individual and population health consequences of alternative diagnostics, and pharmaceutical strategies.

Our model continues to be used to inform future strategies for ongoing vaccination and response efforts and to support plans for managing health and economic effects of such future health emergencies.

Our Publications

Public health impact of current and proposed age-expanded perennial malaria chemoprevention: a modelling study

Published: 2025
Cited by: 0

Therapeutic development to accelerate malaria control through intentional intervention layering

Published: 2025
Cited by: 0

How can modeling responsibly inform decision-making in malaria?

Published: 2025
Cited by: 0

A roadmap for understanding sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in malaria chemoprevention

Published: 2025
Cited by: 1

Mapping the global prevalence, incidence, and mortality of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria, 2000–22: a spatial and temporal modelling study

Published: 2025
Cited by: 1

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum quintuple-mutant parasites resistant to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine: a modelling study

Published: 2024
Cited by: 2

Efficacy thresholds and target populations for antiviral COVID-19 treatments to save lives and costs: a modelling study

Published: 2024
Cited by: 3

Severe outcomes of malaria in children under time-varying exposure

Published: 2024
Cited by: 1

A case for ongoing structural support to maximise infectious disease modelling efficiency for future public health emergencies: A modelling perspective

Published: 2024
Cited by: 0

Intervention effect of targeted workplace closures may be approximated by single-layered networks in an individual-based model of COVID-19 control

Published: 2024
Cited by: 0

Development of WHO Recommendations for the Final Phase of Elimination and Prevention of Re-Establishment of Malaria

Published: 2024
Cited by: 7

AnophelesModel: An R package to interface mosquito bionomics, human exposure and intervention effects with models of malaria intervention impact

Published: 2024
Cited by: 0

Design and selection of drug properties to increase the public health impact of next-generation seasonal malaria chemoprevention: a modelling study

Published: 2024
Cited by: 4

Modelling to inform next-generation medical interventions for malaria prevention and treatment

Published: 2023
Cited by: 2

Repurposing Know-how for Drug Development: Case Studies from the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute

Published: 2023
Cited by: 3

Methods in Global Health: Disease Modelling

Published: 2023
Cited by: 0

Accelerated development of malaria monoclonal antibodies

Published: 2022
Cited by: 1

Model-informed target product profiles of long-acting-injectables for use as seasonal malaria prevention

Published: 2022
Cited by: 8

Modelling the impact of Omicron and emerging variants on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and public health burden

Published: 2022
Cited by: 19

Leveraging mathematical models of disease dynamics and machine learning to improve development of novel malaria interventions

Published: 2022
Cited by: 11

Pre-existing partner-drug resistance to artemisinin combination therapies facilitates the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance: a consensus modelling study

Published: 2022
Cited by: 23

Patient variability in the blood-stage dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum captured by clustering historical data

Published: 2022
Cited by: 0

The competition dynamics of resistant and sensitive infections

Published: 2022
Cited by: 2

The influence of biological, epidemiological, and treatment factors on the establishment and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

Published: 2022
Cited by: 17

Impact of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in Switzerland

Published: 2022
Cited by: 32

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Strategies in Light of Emerging Viral Variants: Frequency, Timing, and Target Groups

Published: 2022
Cited by: 21

The empirical support for the radical cure strategy for eliminating Plasmodium vivax in China

Published: 2022
Cited by: 4

Population Pharmacokinetics of Antimalarial Naphthoquine in Combination with Artemisinin in Tanzanian Children and Adults: Dose Optimization

Published: 2022
Cited by: 0

Effect of ageing on antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics using clinical data combined with modelling and simulation

Published: 2021
Cited by: 20

Emulator-based Bayesian optimization for efficient multi-objective calibration of an individual-based model of malaria

Published: 2021
Cited by: 27

Insights from modelling malaria vaccines for policy decisions: the focus on RTS,S

Published: 2021
Cited by: 9

Parasite-host dynamics throughout antimalarial drug development stages complicate the translation of parasite clearance

Published: 2021
Cited by: 5

Mechanistic within-host models of the asexual Plasmodium falciparum infection: a review and analytical assessment

Published: 2021
Cited by: 9

Clinical Data Combined With Modeling and Simulation Indicate Unchanged Drug-Drug Interaction Magnitudes in the Elderly

Published: 2021
Cited by: 14

Proteome-wide analysis of a malaria vaccine study reveals personalized humoral immune profiles in tanzanian adults

Published: 2020
Cited by: 19

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Identify Pharmacokinetic Parameters Driving Drug Exposure Changes in the Elderly

Published: 2020
Cited by: 35

Ensemble modeling highlights importance of understanding parasite-host behavior in preclinical antimalarial drug development

Published: 2020
Cited by: 12

Costing malaria interventions from pilots to elimination programmes

Published: 2020
Cited by: 8

Future use-cases of vaccines in malaria control and elimination

Published: 2020
Cited by: 16

From Plasmodium vivax outbreak to elimination: lessons learnt from a retrospective analysis of data from Guantang

Published: 2020
Cited by: 4

Health in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: From framework to action, transforming challenges into opportunities

Published: 2019
Cited by: 22

Identifying key factors of the transmission dynamics of drug-resistant malaria

Published: 2019
Cited by: 6

Repository Describing an Aging Population to Inform Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models Considering Anatomical, Physiological, and Biological Age-Dependent Changes

Published: 2019
Cited by: 63

A Comprehensive Framework for Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Matlab

Published: 2019
Cited by: 41

Resurgence of malaria infection after mass treatment: A simulation study

Published: 2019
Cited by: 3

Mass campaigns combining antimalarial drugs and anti-infective vaccines as seasonal interventions for malaria control, elimination and prevention of resurgence: A modelling study

Published: 2019
Cited by: 13

Pooled population pharmacokinetic analysis of tribendimidine for the treatment of opisthorchis viverrini infections

Published: 2019
Cited by: 5

Population pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial amodiaquine: A pooled analysis to optimize dosing

Published: 2018
Cited by: 25

Mathematical analysis to prioritise strategies for malaria elimination

Published: 2018
Cited by: 11

Incidence and admission rates for severe malaria and their impact on mortality in Africa

Published: 2017
Cited by: 37

Country specific predictions of the cost-effectiveness of malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 in endemic Africa

Published: 2017
Cited by: 18

State of inequality in malaria intervention coverage in sub-Saharan African countries

Published: 2017
Cited by: 15

Plasmodium falciparum Mortality in Africa between 1990 and 2015

Published: 2017
Cited by: 0

Model citizen – Authors' reply

Published: 2017
Cited by: 1

Malaria modeling in the era of eradication

Published: 2017
Cited by: 14

Role of mass drug administration in elimination of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a consensus modelling study

Published: 2017
Cited by: 91

Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: A systematic comparison of predictions from four mathematical models

Published: 2016
Cited by: 153

Single-ascending-dose pharmacokinetic study of tribendimidine in opisthorchis viverrini-infected patients

Published: 2016
Cited by: 9

Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tribendimidine metabolites in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected adults

Published: 2016
Cited by: 10

Evidence for optimal allocation of malaria interventions in Africa

Published: 2016
Cited by: 2

The time-course of protection of the RTS,S vaccine against malaria infections and clinical disease

Published: 2015
Cited by: 19

Age-shifting in malaria incidence as a result of induced immunological deficit: A simulation study

Published: 2015
Cited by: 28

The public health impact of malaria vaccine RTS,S in malaria endemic Africa: Country-specific predictions using 18 month follow-up Phase III data and simulation models

Published: 2015
Cited by: 31

Defining the relationship between infection prevalence and clinical incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Published: 2015
Cited by: 64

Distribution of malaria exposure in endemic countries in Africa considering country levels of effective treatment

Published: 2015
Cited by: 20

The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015

Published: 2015
Cited by: 2035

Clustering of vector control interventions has important consequences for their effectiveness: A modelling study

Published: 2014
Cited by: 11

Correction: Clustering of vector control interventions has important consequences for their effectiveness: a modelling study(PLoS ONE (2014) 9, 5 (e97065) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097065)

Published: 2014
Cited by: 2

Mathematical modelling of mosquito dispersal in a heterogeneous environment

Published: 2013
Cited by: 82

Repeated mass distributions and continuous distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets: Modelling sustainability of health benefits from mosquito nets, depending on case management

Published: 2013
Cited by: 24

Effects of pyrethroid resistance on the cost effectiveness of a mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets: A modelling study

Published: 2013
Cited by: 55

Ensemble modeling of the likely public health impact of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine

Published: 2012
Cited by: 95

[Transmission dynamics and cost-effectiveness of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city].; [Dynamique de transmission et coût de la lutte contre la rage chez les chiens et les hommes dans une ville Africaine.]

Published: 2011
Cited by: 10

Transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza at Lake Constance (europe) during the outbreak of winter 2005-2006

Published: 2010
Cited by: 8

Detectability of Plasmodium falciparum clones

Published: 2010
Cited by: 25

Simulation of the cost-effectiveness of malaria vaccines

Published: 2009
Cited by: 37

Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city

Published: 2009
Cited by: 239

A mathematical model for the anodic half cell of a dye-sensitised solar cell

Published: 2008
Cited by: 32

Towards a comprehensive simulation model of malaria epidemiology and control

Published: 2008
Cited by: 106

Modelling the epidemiological impact of intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants

Published: 2008
Cited by: 31

A mathematical model for interfacial charge transfer at the semiconductor-dye-electrolyte interface of a dye-sensitised solar cell

Published: 2008
Cited by: 24

What should vaccine developers ask? Simulation of the effectiveness of malaria vaccines

Published: 2008
Cited by: 59

Modelling interfacial charge transfer in dye-sensitised solar cells

Published: 2004
Cited by: 13